Classification of cardiovascular drugs pdf

Allows blood to flow more easily and makes the heart's work easier or more efficient. Rather than lowering levels of angiotensin II as ACE inhibitors do angiotensin II receptor blockers prevent this chemical from having any effect on the heart and blood vessels.

This keeps blood pressure from rising. Everyone deserves access to the lifesaving medication and care they need. Your support today can save a life. Neprilysin is an enzyme that breaks down natural substances in the body that open narrowed arteries.

By limiting the effect of neprilysin, it increases the effects of these substances and improves artery opening and blood flow, reduces sodium salt retention, and decreases strain on the heart. Decreases the heart rate and force of contraction, which lowers blood pressure and makes the heart beat more slowly and with less force.

Interrupts the movement of calcium into the cells of the heart and blood vessels. May decrease the heart's pumping strength and relax blood vessels. Various medications can lower blood cholesterol levels, but drugs other than statins are usually only used for patients in whom statins are not effective or who have serious side effects from statin therapy.

They work in the body in different ways. Some affect the liver, some work in the intestines and some interrupt the formation of cholesterol from circulating in the blood. Watch an animation of how statins work. Please talk to your health care provider about any potential risks. Increases the force of the heart's contractions. Can be beneficial in treating heart failure and irregular heartbeats. Causes the body to rid itself of excess fluids and sodium through urination.

Helps to reduce the heart's workload. Also decreases the buildup of fluid in the lungs and other parts of the body, such as the ankles and legs. Different diuretics remove fluid at varied rates and through different methods. A category of vasodilators called nitrates increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart while reducing its workload which can ease chest pain angina. Nitroglycerin is available as a pill to be swallowed or absorbed under the tongue sublingual , a spray, and as a topical application cream.

Written by American Heart Association editorial staff and reviewed by science and medicine advisers. See our editorial policies and staff. Heart Attack. About Heart Attacks. Warning Signs of a Heart Attack. Angina Chest Pain. Diagnosing a Heart Attack. Treatment of a Heart Attack. Life After a Heart Attack. Heart Attack Tools and Resources. Our online community of survivors and caregivers is here to keep you going no matter the obstacles.

Reason for Medication Helps to prevent harmful clots from forming in the blood vessels. May prevent the clots from becoming larger and causing more serious problems. Often prescribed to prevent first or recurrent stroke. Reason for Medication Helps prevent clotting in patients who have had a heart attack , unstable angina, ischemic strokes, TIA transient ischemic attacks and other forms of cardiovascular disease. Can also be prescribed preventively when plaque buildup is evident but there is not yet a major blockage in the artery.

Certain patients will be prescribed aspirin combined with another antiplatelet drug — also known as dual antiplatelet therapy DAPT. Dual Antiplatelet Therapy DAPT Some patients who have heart attacks, that have stents placed in their coronary arteries, or undergo coronary artery bypass graft surgery CABG are treated with two types of antiplatelet agents at the same time to prevent blood clotting.

If you did not have a heart attack, but have atherosclerosis in your coronary arteries and had a stent placed , in addition to aspirin, you should be on clopidogrel for at least months, depending on the type of stent which was placed, risk of clotting the stent, and bleeding risk.

If you had a heart attack and a coronary artery stent placed, or you are being treated with medical therapy no stent, clot buster or surgery , in addition to aspirin, you should also be on a P2Y 12 inhibitor for months.

In some cases, it may be advisable to be on DAPT longer. This will need to be discussed with your healthcare provider.

The three P2Y 12 inhibitors currently available that could be prescribed are clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor. These two stronger agents, however, slightly increase bleeding. One of these drugs prasugrel should not be used by patients who have had a stroke or a transient ischemic attack TIA. You will be prescribed the drug that is best for you, based on your risk of blood clots and bleeding. Neurone blocker: reserpine. Vasodilators: Arteriolar dilator: Hydralazine, minoxidil, diazoxide, fenoldopam.

Arteriolar and venodilator: Sodium nitroprusside: Antianginal Drugs Classification: Nitrates : Nitroglycerine, Isosorbide dinitrate, Isosoride mononitrate, erythrityl tetranitrate, pentaerythritol tetranitrate.

Beta blockers: Propranolol, metoprolo, atenolol, timolol, bisoprolol. Potassium channel opner : Nicorandil. Congestive cardiac failure drugs Classification: Diuretics: loop diuretics: Furodemide, bumetide, torsemide. Thiazide diuretics: Chlorothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide. Aldosterone antagonist: Spironolactone, eplerenone. Angiotension receptor blocker: losartan, Candesartan. Sodium Nitroprusside.

Venodilators: Nitroglycerine, issorbide dinitrates. Arteriolar Dilators: Hydralazine, minoxidil, Nicorandil. Beta Blockers: metprolol, bisoprolol, carvedilol, nrbivolol. Sympathomimetic Amines: Dopamine, Dobutamine.

Cardiac glycosides. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors: Inamrinon, milrinone. Vasopressin Antagonists: tolvaptan, conivaptan. Brain natriuretics peptide: Nesiritide. Antiarrhythemic drugs Classification: Class 1: sodium ions channels blockers membrane stabilising agents. Others: Digoxin, Adenosine, Atropine, Isoprenaline. Fibric acid derivatives: Gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, Bezafibrate, Clofibrate.

Bile acid binding resins: cholestyramine, Cloestipol, Colesevelam. Inhibitor of triglyceride production and lipolysis: Nicotinic acid. Dietary cholesterol absorption inhibitor: Ezetimibe. Others: Gugulipide, Omega-3 fatty acids.